About strabismus
Strabismus (misalignment of the eyes) occurs when the eye muscles do not work together, causing the eyes to point in different directions. It may present as inward, outward, upward or downward deviation and can affect children and adults—sometimes following trauma or in association with neurologic or systemic conditions such as diabetes or hypertension.
If left untreated, strabismus can lead to double vision, reduced depth perception and social or psychological impact. Treatment options include glasses, prisms, orthoptic therapy and surgical realignment when indicated.
Causes
- Genetic predisposition: A family history of strabismus increases the risk.
- Refractive errors: Uncorrected high hyperopia (farsightedness) can cause inward turning in children.
- Neurological conditions: Brain or nerve disorders may affect the nerves that control eye muscles.
- Trauma: Head or eye injuries can damage muscles or nerves and lead to misalignment.
- Systemic diseases: Conditions such as diabetes or hypertension can be associated with acquired ocular misalignment.
Surgical treatment
Strabismus surgery aims to restore ocular alignment by altering the length or strength of the eye muscles. It is performed in children and adults when indicated, with the goals of improving binocular function and cosmetic appearance.
How the surgery is performed
- Anesthesia: Surgery is usually performed under general anaesthesia and lasts about 1–2 hours depending on the case.
- Muscle adjustment: Strong muscles may be weakened or shortened and weak muscles may be tightened or repositioned to achieve balance.
- Adjustable sutures: In some adults, adjustable sutures allow small postoperative refinements under local anaesthesia.
- Discharge: Most patients are discharged the same day with a protective patch or shield as needed.
Aftercare
Recovery after surgery requires close adherence to your surgeon’s instructions.
- Eye drops and medication: Use prescribed antibiotic and anti‑inflammatory drops to reduce infection and swelling.
- Rest: Limit screen time and strenuous activity for the first few days and rest the eyes.
- Protective measures: Use an eye patch or protective glasses while recommended.
- Follow‑up visits: Attend scheduled postoperative appointments during the first week and in the subsequent months for monitoring and suture adjustment if needed.
Benefits of surgery
Improved vision
Treatment can reduce double vision and improve depth perception, enhancing daily function and comfort.
Improved appearance
Improved eye alignment can boost self‑confidence and make social interactions easier.
Child development
Early treatment reduces the risk of amblyopia (lazy eye) and supports visual development and learning.
Long‑term results
With appropriate care and follow‑up, alignment is often long‑lasting and provides sustained benefits in everyday life.